Shachyen shaga ai
Hka gaw shinggyim htunghking, hkai lu hkai sha ai lam, hpaga lam rawt jat galu kaba wa na matu madi shadaw ya ai madung sutgan rai nga ai. Raitim, dai ni na labau law malawng hta, mare kata na hka garan gachyan ai lam ni gaw, teng sha jai lang ai ladat, hkrang masa sum mat ai lam, garan gachyan ai lam a akyu ara ni hte seng nna, mau hpa hku nna shadawn sharam sha mu lu ai lam ni hte bungli galaw nga ai. Mungkan masha jahpan law jat wa ai, mare kaba ni law wa ai, nbung laru a majaw labau hta hka masa ni hpe galai shai wa ai hte maren, hka hpe hkrak tup shadawn shadang galaw ai lam gaw, madung municipal accounting bungli kaw nna, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai lam hte sut masa lam hpe makawp maga ai lam a ahkyak ai npawt nhpang langai mi de galai shai wa sai. Ndai ra kadawn ai lam hte jaw ya ai lam lapran na garan ginhka ai lam hpe shingdaw na matu lit la hkrum ai madung ladat gaw hka meter rai nga ai. Tengman ai shadawn shadang n nga yang, utilities ni gaw bungli galaw ai manu hpe tara rap ra ai hku n lu hkap la ai, jai lang ai ni gaw shanhte a makawp maga shakut shaja ai lam hpe n lu shadawn ai, makoi da ai npawt nhpang gawgap ai lam ni hta hka lim ai lam ni hpe shata law law n chye lu ai majaw, san seng ai hka gallon wan law law hpe jahten kau lu ai.
Lai wa sai shaning tsa lam hku hta, hka meter ni kata kaw bang da ai hpaji masa gaw grai kaba ai galai shai wa sai. Ndai hpaga lam gaw, jak rung arung arai ni hpe sha kam hpa ai kaw nna, grai kungkyang ai electronic sensor ni hte hkum tsup ai hku matut mahkai ai, hpaji rawng ai data node ni hpe jai lang ai de jat wa sai. Daini, gat lawk hpe n bung ai hpaji masa masum hku nna garan ginhka da ai: jak hte galaw ai, digital, hte hpaji rawng ai hka meter ni. Langai hte langai gaw engineering hpaji ningnan prat hpe n bung ai hku madi shadaw ya ai rai nna, langai hte langai gaw laksan akyu ara ni hte bungli galaw ai hpaga lam-offs ni hpe jaw ya ai, dai gaw laksan ra kadawn ai lam, gumhpraw atsam, hte deploying municipality (sh) hpaga yumga galaw ai wuhpung a npawt nhpang gawgap ai lam ni hpe hkyen lajang da ai lam ni hta hkan nna rai nga ai. Ndai shai hkat ai lam ni hpe chye na na gaw, dai ni na aten na hka hparan ai ni, engineer ni, hte sut masa madu ni a matu, shanhte a garan gachyan ai ladat ni hpe htawm hpang-sakse madun na matu hte lachyum rawng ai n-gun atsam hte sut masa lam ni hpe jai lang na matu shakut nga ai ni a matu ahkyak nga ai.
Hka hpe jak hte shadawn ai jak ni: aten-chyam dinglik ai bungli galaw ai gumra ni
Tsaban langai jan na sai, jak hte galaw ai hka shadawn ai jak ni gaw, mungkan ting na hka shadawn ai npawt nhpang gawgap ai lam a n dang tsun lu ai npawt nhpang hku nna magam gun nga ai. Ndai jak ni gaw, lwi nga ai hka a hkum hkrang n-gun hpe tsep kawp kam hpa nna, kata na jak langai hpe shachyut ya ai, dai gaw meter a myi man ntsa na physical register (sh) dial hte matut da ai gear ni hpe jak hte galai shai ya ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, ndai meter ni gaw hydraulic hte mechanical npawt tara ni hpe sha hkan nna bungli galaw ai majaw, shinggan na wan n-gun (sh) kata na battery ni hpe bungli galaw na matu n ra ai. Ndai lam gaw shanhte hpe tsan gang ai, kahtawng ningchyawng, shing nrai, n-gun atsam npawt nhpang n nga ai lamu ga kata na makau grup yin ni hta n kam n sham ai daram hkam sharang lu shangun ai.
Mechanical hka shadawn ai jak ni hpe hka htung hte gara hku kanawn mazum ai hpe madung tawn nna, madung sub-hpan lahkawng hku garan nna, n-gun n-gun shadawn ai: shara htawt sit ai shadawn ai hte n-gun shadawn ai. Positive displacement meter ngu nna tsun shaga ai shara htawt sit ai meter ni gaw, masha nga ai shara ni hta grai law hkra nga ai. Shanhte gaw, chye da ai n-gun rawng ai shadawn shadang nta hku nna hka hpe shalai ya ai hku nna bungli galaw ma ai. Dai lai wa ai ntsin gaw, nutating disc (sh) oscillating piston zawn re ai kata na daw langai hpe, kalang lang shinggrup na matu shadut ya ai. Hkrun lam hkawm ai shaloi, dai nta kata hku lai wa ai hka a hkrak ai n-gun hte bung ai. Ndai meter ni gaw n-gun n law ai kaw nna n-gun n law ai du hkra hka lwi ai hpe shadawn ai hta n kam n sham ai daram hkrak ai majaw, hka hpe loi mi sha, loi mi sha shaw la ai nta masha ni lang ai hpe hkam la lu na matu grai kaja ai.
Maga mi de, Velocity meter ni gaw, chye da ai cross-sectional ginra hku nna hka n-gun yawng a n-gun hpe shadawn nna, hka n-gun yawng hpe sawn la ai. Ga shadawn ni hta, Turbine, jet law law, Woltman meter ni lawm ai. Ndai jak ni hta, hka gaw kata na impeller (sh) turbine wheel hpe hka lwi ai n-gun hte hkrak hkrak bung ai lawan ai hku shinggrup na matu shadut ya ai. Hka law law lawan ai hku hkawm sa ai hpaga lam, hpaga lam, mare kata na trunk line ni hta Velocity meter ni gaw grau kaja ai.
Mechanical water meter ni a hkam sharang lu ai atsam gaw, shanhte a laklai ai hkum hkrang ngang grin ai lam, kam hpa mai ai lam galu kaba wa ai lam, shawng nnan mari ai manu grai yawm ai majaw re. Raitim, shanhte hta n-gun kya ai lam ni nga ai rai nna, dai gaw dai ni na aten na utility management hta grau grau nna manghkang byin wa ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, shanhte hta shamu shamawt ai daw ni lawm ai majaw, jak rung meter ni gaw, aten galu bungli galaw ai shaloi, n mai koi yen ai hkum hkrang hten za ai lam ni hpe hkrum sha nga ai. Dai kata na gear, piston, shing nrai bearing ni hkrat sum wa ai hte maren, meter gaw shingra tara hku nna hkrak ai lam hpe sum mat nna, hka lang ai hka n-gun hpe galoi mung n-hkap la ai. Ndai lam gaw, n-hkap la ai hka a n-gun grau law wa shangun ai, dai hpe non-revenue water ngu nna shamying ma ai, dai gaw utilities ni hpe direct gumhpraw sum ai lam hpe madi madun ai. Dai hta n-ga, jak rung meter ni gaw hka hta rawng ai nhprang wan, nhprang wan, shing nrai kaga nhprang arai ni a majaw loi loi hte awu asin byin mat chye ai (sh) prat tup hkra machyi mat chye ai, shanhte a hkum hkrang dial ni hpe kam hpa ai majaw, bungli galaw ai -grai law ai, shinggyim masha-matut nna lata hte galaw ai data{1{9}{}by
Digital Hka Hkrang: Electronic Galai Shai Ai Lam
Hkrunlam hkawm ai daw ni hte seng nna hkum hkrang n-gun kya ai lam ni hte hkrak ai lam hkra machyi ai lam ni hpe tawt lai lu na matu, hka hpe hpareng ai bungli gaw, static (sh) electronic hka shadawn ai jak ni hpe ayan tsun shaga ai digital hka shadawn jak ni hpe galaw shapraw wa ai. Ndai jak ni gaw lai wa sai aten na kata na piston, disc, hte impeller ni hpe tsep kawp yeng seng kau ya nna, de a malai, hka lwi ai hpe shadawn ai solid-state electronic sensor ni hpe lata la ai, dai gaw rawt jat galu kaba wa ai hkum hkrang hte nsen npawt tara ni hpe jai lang nna shadawn ai. Hka lam kaw na shamu shamawt nga ai arung arai yawng hpe shaw kau ai hku nna, digital hka shadawn jak ni gaw jak rung a n-gun yawm mat ai hpe grai shayawm kau ya nna, dai jak gaw shi a bungli galaw ai aten tup hta, shi a bungli galaw ai aten tup hta, shi a factory-calibrated accuracy hpe n-gun jaw ya lu ai, dai aten gaw, shaning shi manga kaw nna lahkawng shi ning du hkra rai nga ai.
Digital hka shadawn jak ni hpe n-gun jaw ya ai ahkyak ai hpaji masa lahkawng gaw, wan n-gun hte nsen shadawn ai lam rai nga ai. Wan n-gun hte hka hpe shadawn ai jak ni gaw Faraday a wan n-gun hpe n-gun jaw ai tara (Law of Electromagnetic Induction) a npawt tara ni hpe hkan nna bungli galaw ai. Dai meter gaw shi a hka lwi ai hka htung kata kaw shara langai mi hta nga ai magnetic field hpe shabyin ya ai. Hka gaw shingra tara hku nna conductive ions ni lawm ai ndai magnetic field hku nna lwi wa ai shaloi, hka a n-gun hte hkrak hkrak bung ai wan n-gun hpe shabyin ya ai. Grai hkam sha chye ai electrode ni gaw ndai n-gun hpe hkam la nna, kata na Microprocessor langai mi gaw n kam sham ai daram hkrak ai volumetric lwi ai n-gun de gale ya ai. Electromagnetic meter ni gaw laklai ai hku n-gun ja nna, bungli galaw ai shara ni hta mung, n san seng ai hka hpe hparan ai lam ni hta mung grai lang ma ai, hpa majaw nga yang, shanhte a tsep kawp pat shingdang ai lam n nga ai hka lwi ai lam gaw, n-gun ja ai n-gun ja ai n-gun (sh) n-gun n rawng ai hka ni hpe n hkra hkra, n-gun n rawng ai hku lai shangun lu ai majaw re.
Ultrasonic hka shadawn jak ni gaw, hka lwi ai n-gun hpe chye lu na matu, nsen n-gun kaba - hpe jai lang ai. Ndai jak ni hta, pipe kata kaw langai hte langai shingdu de tawn da ai acoustic transducer lahkawng yan hpe lang da ai. Transducer langai gaw hka hkin gau de ultrasonic signal hpe sa dat nna kaga langai gaw hka hkin gau ntsa de signal sa dat ai. Hka lwi ai hte rau hkawm sa ai nsen n-gun a transit time gaw, shi hpe ninghkap hkawm sa ai wave a transit time hta grau kadun ai. Ndai aten kaji ai shai hkat ai lam hpe grai hkrak hkra sawn la ai hku nna, kata na electronic circuitry gaw hka a lawan ai lam hpe hkrak tup chye lu ai.
Digital hka meter ni gaw shanhte a jak hte galaw ai kaji kawa ni hta grau nna mau hpa akyu ni hpe jaw ya nga ai. Shanhte gaw grau dam lada ai n-gun shadawn shadang hpe lu da ai, lachyum gaw shanhte gaw grai n-gun n law ai hka lwi ai lam hpe mu lu nna, hkrak hkrak ka matsing da lu ai, n-gun n law ai, hka lim ai hka htung zawn re ai, dai gaw jak meter hta n ka bang lu na re. Suspended sediment hte sand kaw na hkra machyi ai lam ni hpe mung hkam sharang lu ai. Raitim, digital hpaji masa de galai shai wa ai gaw, myit sawn sumru lam nnan ni hpe shabyin ya nga ai. Digital meter ni gaw, shanhte a sensor, processor, digital liquid crystal display ni hpe n-gun jaw na matu, kata na battery ni hpe tsep kawp kam hpa nga ai. Battery langai mi gaw grup yin grai katsi ai majaw aten garai n du yang hkrat sum mat yang, meter gaw tsep kawp -n mai lang mat ai. Dai hta n-ga, digital meter ni hpe shawng nnan mari na matu manu grau hpu ai, shanhte a hkam sha chye ai electronic arung arai ni gaw, nta kata na shingnip ni hpe hkra machyi shangun ai rai yang, grai sawng ai electromagnetic shingjawng ai lam (sh) n-gun ja ai, hka lim ai ga kata na hka htung ni hta aten galu hkam sha ra ai.
Smart Hka Meters: AMI hte AMR a matut mahkai ai htingnu gawgap ai lam
Digital meter ni gaw hkum hkrang n-gun yawm ai lam hte hkrak ai lam a mayak mahkak ni hpe hparan ya ai raitim, hpaji rawng ai hka meter ni gaw, tinang hkrai sha data matut mahkai ai lam hte systemic matut mahkai lam a matu ahkyak ai ra kadawn ai lam hpe hparan ya ai. Smart water meter gaw madung hku nna, n-gun n law ai electronic matut mahkai module hte hpawng de da ai, grai hkrak ai jak (sh) digital meter langai mi re. Ndai module gaw meter hpe grau dam lada ai municipal (sh) nta network kata na active, hpaji rawng ai data node langai hku nna galaw lu shangun nna, hka shadawn ai lam hpe tsan gang ai, shata shagu byin ai lam kaw nna matut manoi, tengman ai- aten hta galaw mai ai data stream de galai shai shangun ai.
Hpaji rawng ai hka shadawn ai ladat ni a rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam hpe madung hku nna bungli galaw ai ladat lahkawng hku nna mu mada ai: AMR ngu shamying ai Automated Meter Reading hte AMI ngu shamying ai Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Automated Meter Reading gaw, prat dep masa de du wa na matu shawng nnan na lahkam hpe madi madun nga ai. AMR system hta, smart meter gaw shi a jai lang ai lam hpe kadun ai-radio frequency ni hku nna matut manoi shapoi ya ai. Dial hpe hti na matu meter hka htung langai hpra de hkum hkrang hku hkawm sa na malai, utility magam gun ni gaw mawdaw- hta jung da ai receiver hte lam ntsa hku sha mawdaw gau mai ai (sh) lata hte lang ai jak hte nta ni hpe lai di mai ai. Dai system gaw, shanhte lai wa ai shaloi, wireless hku nna, shi hkum shi data ni hpe shaw la ya ai. AMR gaw, shiga shinggyin la ai lam hpe grai lawan hkra galaw ya nna, bungli galaw masha ni a shimlum lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai raitim, aten kadun laman, bai htang ai shiga shinggyin la ai ladat langai hku nna naw nga nga ai.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure gaw, dai ni na aten na hpaji rawng ai hka hpaji masa a npawt nhpang hpe madi shadaw ya nga ai. AMI gaw magam bungli galaw ai ginra ting hta, prat tup, ngang grin ai, lahkawng maga hku matut mahkai ai lam hpe gawgap da ai. AMI network kata na smart hka meter ni gaw mawdaw langai mi lai wa na hpe n la nga ai; de a malai, shanhte gaw, hkying hkum shagu zawn, aten kadun laman hta, grai hkrak ai jai lang ai lam hte seng ai shiga ni hpe, ginjaw utility server ni de, tinang hkrai sha htawt sit ya ma ai. Ndai matut mahkai lam hpe n-gun n law ai ginra kaba na network protocol amyu myu hpe jai lang nna lu la ai rai nna, dai hta cellular internet of things hpaji masa ni, LoRaWAN, hte madu ai mesh radio network ni lawm ai.
Hkum tsup hkra jai lang ai AMI smart water meter network a hkrang masa akyu ni gaw, hka htung ni hte hka htung lang ai ni a matu rawt malan ai lam rai nga ai. Data ni hpe matut manoi htawt sit ai majaw, utilities ni gaw real-time leak hpe sawk sagawn ai algorithms ni hpe galaw mai ai. Customer langai a smart meter gaw, matut manoi, n hkring n sa hka lang ai lam hpe hkying hkum 20-tut manoi ka matsing da ai rai yang, ndai anomaly hpe grai byin mai ai leak ngu nna masat da nna, nta madu a smartphone de shi hkum nan sadi jaw ai lam sa ya lu ai. Ndai lawan ladan galaw ai lam gaw, tsin-yam kaba byin wa ai arung arai ni hpe pat shingdang ya nna, san seng ai hka law law hpe hkye la ya lu ai.
Dai hta n-ga, smart water meter ni gaw, utility magam gun ni hpe meter hti na matu, masha langai hkrai a nta ni de shang ra ai lam n nga ai sha, bungli galaw ai manu hte mawdaw ni a nbung dat ni hpe grai shayawm ya lu ai. Shanhte gaw, hka lang ai ni hpe shanhte a shani shagu na hka htung lailen ni hpe hkan tam na matu, makawp maga ai yaw shada lam ni hpe masat da na matu, shanhte a grup yin shingra tara hpe aten dep chye na na matu, shanhte a personal web portals ni de shang na ahkang jaw ai hku nna mung, n-gun jaw ya nga ai.
Shadawn shadang sawk sagawn ai lam hte hpaga lam lata ai lam
Kaja dik ai hka meter hpe lata la na matu gaw, hpaji ningnan hpe lata la na matu asan sha n re; de a malai, gumhpraw lu ai lam, bungli galaw ai makau grup yin, hka a hkamja lam, aten galu-masat masa yaw shada lam ni hpe hkrak tup sawk sagawn ra ai. Municipality kaji law law (sh) kahtawng ningchyawng hka ginwang ni a matu, capital budget n law ai hte bungli galaw masha ni a manu n law ai ni a matu, htunghking hku galaw ai jak hte galaw ai hka meter ni gaw grai tatut galaw mai ai hte shingdu labau hte seng ai lata la ai lam naw rai nga ai. Shanhte a manu n law ai hte asan sha re ai majaw, laksan software sharin hpawng (sh) cybersecurity tara ni hpe n ra ai sha, general technician ni hku nna gram lajang lu na re.
Raitim, utilities ni gaw shaning 20-ning laman madu ai lam a yawng a manu hpe jep joi yu ai shaloi, gumhpraw hte seng ai ga san gaw digital hte smart water meter ni hpe madi shadaw ai hku nna ayan galai shai wa chye ai. AMI smart meter hpe jai lang na matu shawng nnan na gumhpraw bang ai lam gaw, jak hte jai lang ai hta grau law ai raitim, lata hte meter hti ai bungli hpe yeng seng kau ai, n-gun n rawng ai hka hpe shayawm ya ai, n-gun ja ai hku nna, customer ni a manghkang ni hpe digital hku nna shayawm ya ai hku nna, aten galu hta jai lang ai gumhpraw ni hpe shayawm ya lu ai.
Hka a hkam kaja lam mung, arung arai ni hpe lata ai lam hpe tsun dan ai. Municipal hka htung hta mineral scaling, nhprang n-gun, shing nrai, n-gun n-gun law law lawm ai ginra ni hta, jak rung meter ni gaw lawan ladan hkrat sum mat nna, aten garai n du yang hkrat sum mat chye ai. Ndai laksan makau grup yin ni hta, digital ultrasonic (sh) electromagnetic meter ni hpe jai lang ai gaw grai akyu rawng ai, hpa majaw nga yang shanhte a ngang kang ai-state hkrang gaw, hka htung masa ni hta yak hkak ai raitim, aten galu hta hkrak ai lam hpe madi shadaw ya lu ai. Hpang jahtum, hpaji rawng ai hka meter ni hpe awng dang hkra jai lang lu na matu gaw ginra kata na telecommunication npawt nhpang ni hta grai madung nga ai. Utility langai gaw, buga na cellular network (sh) radio coverage gaw n kaja ai rai yang (sh) dai uhpung hta shani shagu jai lang ai shiga law law hpe shinggyin la na matu, makawp maga na matu, sawk sagawn na matu ra kadawn ai shiga hpaji masa n nga ai rai yang, AMI a atsam hpe n mai jai lang ai.
Daw dan lam
Hka meter ni hpe madung, garan ginhka da ai jak rung ni kaw nna shada da matut mahkai ai, ngang kang ai-state data processor ni de galai shai wa ai gaw, ahkyak ai shingra sutgan ni hpe hparan na matu anhte a mungkan ting shakut shaja ai lam hta ahkyak ai masat dingsat langai rai nga ai. Mechanical water meter ni gaw shanhte a n bung ai hkum hkrang asan sha ai lam hte shanglawt ai hku bungli galaw lu ai atsam a matu hkungga ai lam hpe matut nna matsun ya nga ai, hkum hkrang hpaji masa gaw manu dan ai lam naw nga ai hpe shadum ya ai lam langai mi rai nga ai. Dai hte maren, digital hka shadawn ai jak ni gaw, n-gun kya ai shamu shamawt ai daw ni hpe nsen n pru ai, hkrak tup ai electronic wave ni hte galai shai kau ai hku nna, hkrak tup ai hte asak galu ai hpaga lam a madang hpe sharawt ya sai. Ndai galai shai wa ai lam a npawt nhpang hta dung nga ai, hpaji rawng ai hka shadawn ai jak ni gaw ndai shadawn shadang atsam ni hpe dai ni na aten na hpaji rawng ai mare a digital shingnip kata de shinggrup da nna, hkum tsup ai hku asan sha mu lu ai, n-gun rawng ai makawp maga ai lam, hte lawan ladan npawt nhpang gawgap ai lam ni hpe bai htang ai lam ni hpe shalat ya nga ai.
Mare ni kaba wa ai hte hka n law wa ai hte maren, prat dep n rai sai, n-gun ja ai shiga ni hpe hparan ai ladat ni hpe kam hpa ai lam gaw, n-gun n rawng ai sutgan langai mi hku lawan ladan byin wa nga ai. Dai ni na prat na digital hte hpaji rawng ai hka npawt nhpang hpe hkap la ai gaw, hkam sharang lu ai, nbung laru-htap htuk ai wuhpung wuhpawng ni hpe gawgap na matu ahkyak ai lahkam langai rai nga ai. Tengman ai metering hpaji masa ni hpe jai lang ai hku nna, shinggyim wuhpawng gaw asan sha re ai arung arai ni hpe jai lang ai kaw nna, hpaji rawng ai, rap ra ai, grai kaja ai hka hpe makawp maga ai lam hta htawm hpang de galai shai wa lu na re.